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How Does a Reverse Mortgage Work?

A reverse mortgage is a specialized financial tool for homeowners age 62 and older that converts a portion of accumulated home equity into cash. 

Unlike a forward mortgage, the borrower is not required to make monthly principal and interest payments; instead, the loan balance is repaid when the home is sold or the borrower passes away.

Reverse mortgages are an increasingly popular financial tool for seniors looking to unlock some of the equity accumulated in their homes. If you’re considering a reverse mortgage, you likely have questions about how it works, its features, and the potential risks involved. 

Over the next few minutes, let’s break it down so you may have a clearer understanding of whether a reverse mortgage may be right for you.

Calculate Your Eligibility

Reverse Mortgage Eligibility: Who Qualifies?

Estimate Your Eligibility in Minutes

To determine your potential reverse mortgage benefit amount, all borrowers must meet the following qualification requirements. We strongly recommend using our quick estimator tool below to assess your current eligibility.

Key Qualification Requirements:

  • Age: All borrowers on the title must be 62 years of age or older.
  • Equity: You must have substantial equity in the home.
  • Residency: The property must be your primary residence (occupy the home for more than six months per year).
  • Counseling: You must complete a mandatory HUD-approved counseling session.
  • Financials: You must demonstrate the financial capacity to pay ongoing property charges, including property taxes and homeowner’s insurance.

Reverse Mortgage Payout Options and Loan Requirements

Once you qualify for a reverse mortgage, the funds you receive are generally based on your age, the current interest rate, and your home’s appraised value. Unlike traditional loans, the lender pays you, but you must select how you want to receive your funds.

How Can I Receive Reverse Mortgage Funds?

  • Lump Sum: A single, large payment at closing (typically available only for fixed-rate HECMs).
  • Line of Credit: Funds are available for withdrawal as needed, with the unused portion growing over time.
  • Monthly Installments: Regular monthly payments to the borrower, available as Tenure (for as long as you live in the home) or Term (for a fixed number of years).

Important Homeowner Obligations: While you are not required to make monthly mortgage payments, you are still responsible for paying all property taxes, homeowners’ insurance premiums, and maintaining the home as your primary residence. Failure to meet these obligations can result in loan default.

When is a Reverse Mortgage Repaid?

Unlike traditional mortgages, a reverse mortgage loan does not require repayment until a specific triggering event occurs. The loan balance, which includes the amount borrowed plus accrued interest and fees, becomes due and payable when the last surviving borrower or eligible non-borrowing spouse:

Triggering Events for Repayment:

  • Sells the home or otherwise conveys title.
  • Moves out of the home and establishes a new principal residence.
  • Fails to live in the home for 12 consecutive months (the property ceases to be the principal residence).
  • Fails to meet loan obligations, such as paying property taxes or homeowner’s insurance.
  • Passes away.

Financial Benefits: What are the Advantages of a Reverse Mortgage?

A reverse mortgage offers several unique financial benefits, particularly for seniors seeking greater liquidity and control over their assets in retirement.

  • No Monthly Mortgage Payments: The most significant benefit is the elimination of required monthly mortgage payments (though property taxes and insurance must still be paid).
  • Tax-Free Funds: The proceeds received from the loan are generally considered loan advances, not income, and are tax-free.
  • Non-Recourse Protection: FHA-insured HECMs are non-recourse, meaning the debt can never exceed the home’s value at the time of repayment.
  • Retain Home Ownership: You retain the title to your home and maintain control over the property as long as you meet the loan obligations.
  • Flexible Payouts: Borrowers can choose funds as a lump sum, a growing line of credit, or regular monthly payments.

Potential Risks and Disadvantages of a Reverse Mortgage

While a reverse mortgage offers significant benefits, it is a complex financial product with serious potential drawbacks that must be fully understood before signing. These risks are essential considerations for the borrower and their heirs.

What Are the Key Risks?

  • Increasing Debt Balance: Since no monthly payments are made, the loan balance grows over time as interest and fees are added to the principal.
  • Higher Total Cost: The total interest paid on a reverse mortgage will often be higher than on a traditional mortgage because the debt accrues over a longer period without monthly repayment.
  • Risk of Default: Borrowers can default and face foreclosure if they fail to pay property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, or maintenance costs.
  • Impact on Heirs’ Equity: The growing loan balance can consume most, if not all, of the home’s equity, potentially leaving little or no value for your heirs when the loan is due.
  • Fees and Closing Costs: Reverse mortgages often carry higher upfront fees and closing costs than traditional loans, including mandatory mortgage insurance premiums (MIP).

How a Reverse Mortgage Could Work For You

The below is for illustrative purposes only and similar results cannot be guaranteed.

Let’s look at an example:

Jane, age 72, owns her home outright, worth $500,000. She opts for a line of credit of $250,000, using it to cover medical expenses and home improvements. Over the years, the loan balance grows to $350,000. When Jane passes away at 80, her heirs sell the home for $550,000. After repaying the loan, they keep $200,000 in equity.

Jane was able to stay in her home, use her home equity as needed, and leave her heirs with remaining equity.

Find Out Your Eligibility Now!

Use our free, eligibility calculator to see your estimated loan amount.

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Eric Ellsworth

EVP of Sales | NMLS #225143

Eric is a distinguished leader in the mortgage industry, with over 22 years of experience and 16 years focused on reverse mortgages for seniors. As Vice President of Consumer Direct at Reverse Mortgage Funding (RMF), he built and led a top-performing sales team of 90+ mortgage loan officers, securing RMF’s position as a top three lender and servicer monthly. Simultaneously, he co-led a retail team of 125+ outside originators, further expanding RMF’s market dominance.

Before RMF, Eric propelled Liberty Reverse Mortgage (formerly Genworth Financial) to the number one reverse mortgage retail lender in the nation by establishing a 100+ employee call center and managing 90+ nationwide loan originators.

Eric plays a pivotal role in marketing, enhancing referral partnerships, direct-to-consumer initiatives, and wholesale efforts through his leadership. His success is driven by data and performance tracking. Licensed in 11 states and a California Department of Real Estate Broker, Eric’s proven track record of leadership and innovation is poised to attract significant investment opportunities.